This panel session will focus on the framework the staff is developing for new and advanced reactor construction oversight. This framework applies construction oversight experience and leverages lessons from past construction projects such as Vogtle Electric Generating Plant, Units 3 and 4, and the SHINE Technologies, LLC, facility, as well as current NRC inspection programs. The staff will discuss major components of the current construction reactor oversight process and nonpower production and utilization facility construction oversight programs, lessons learned from the application of these programs, and how the NRC proposes to structure the Advanced Reactor Construction Oversight Program (ARCOP) in response to these lessons. External panelists will share perspectives on the need for construction oversight to be flexible and risk informed so that it is commensurate with advanced reactor safety profiles, research in digital monitoring technologies aimed at optimizing oversight by owners and regulators, and international collaboration to enhance advanced reactor and SMR construction oversight.